Economics

A clear introductory economics course covering both microeconomics and macroeconomics, with graphs, worked numerical examples, typeset formulas and practice questions with answers.

What's inside
• Economic thinking: scarcity, opportunity cost, marginal analysis, models, and positive versus normative statements
• Production and trade: the production possibilities frontier and comparative advantage, with a worked two-country trade example
• Demand and supply: demand and supply curves, equilibrium, shortages and surpluses, shifts versus movements, and solving linear demand and supply equations
• Elasticity: price, income and cross elasticity with the midpoint method, price elasticity of supply and the total revenue test
• Surplus and government intervention: consumer and producer surplus, price ceilings and floors, taxes, tax incidence and deadweight loss
• Consumer choice: utility, diminishing marginal utility, the budget line and indifference curves
• Production and costs: marginal product, economic profit, short-run cost curves (MC, AVC, ATC) and economies of scale
• Market structures: perfect competition, the shutdown rule, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly with a simple game-theory payoff matrix
• Factor markets: marginal revenue product, wages, present value, capital and land
• Market failure: externalities, public goods, common resources, adverse selection and moral hazard
• Measuring the economy: GDP and the expenditure approach, real GDP and the GDP deflator, unemployment (ILO definitions), the CPI and inflation
• Growth, cycles and AD–AS: compound growth and the rule of 70, business cycles, aggregate demand and aggregate supply
• Fiscal and monetary policy: budgets and debt, the spending and tax multipliers, money, banks and the money multiplier, central banks and monetary policy
• International economics: tariffs and trade policy, exchange rates and the balance of payments
• Reference: a formula sheet and a glossary of more than 100 key terms

Learn by example
• Step-by-step worked examples with invented numbers that you can follow and check
• More than 40 original diagrams: supply and demand, surplus and deadweight loss, cost curves, monopoly, externalities, AD–AS, the circular flow and more
• Typeset formulas with every symbol explained
• Tap-to-reveal practice questions with answers

Who it is for
Students taking a first course in economics at school, college or university, and anyone who wants to understand how markets and the whole economy work.

Easy to use
• Works offline: all content is built into the app
• Available in 8 languages: English, Español, Português, Français, Deutsch, العربية, हिन्दी and Bahasa Indonesia
• Search every page at once
• Clean, modern design with dark mode

Content is based on standard introductory textbooks such as OpenStax Principles of Economics, with labour definitions from the International Labour Organization.

This is an independent study aid and is not affiliated with any textbook publisher, university or official body.